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Macaques fail to develop habit responses during extended training on a reinforcer devaluation task.

Elyssa M LaFlamme1, Farris Ahmed1, Patrick A Forcelli1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology & Physiology.

Behavioral Neuroscience
|January 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Macaques trained extensively on a reinforcer devaluation task did not form habits. Goal-directed behavior persisted, showing sensitivity to reinforcer devaluation even after extensive experience.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Goal-directed behavior and habit are competing processes influenced by experience.
  • Reinforcer devaluation tasks assess goal-directed behavior across species.
  • Rodent studies suggest overtraining can lead to habit formation, reducing sensitivity to devaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of extended training on goal-directed behavior in nonhuman primates using a reinforcer devaluation task.
  • To determine if macaques form habits after extensive overtraining in this task.

Main Methods:

  • Four macaques were trained on a variant of the reinforcer devaluation task with standard (up to 55 exposures) and high (up to 454 exposures) object repetitions.
  • Goal-directed behavior was tested at three time points during extended training.

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  • Results were analyzed based on reinforcer preference and object training history.

    • Main Results:

    • Robust devaluation effects were observed across all training cycles in macaques.
    • The magnitude of devaluation effects was modulated by reinforcer preference and object training history.
    • No evidence of habit formation was found despite extensive overtraining.

    Conclusions:

    • Extended training on the reinforcer devaluation task does not lead to habit formation in macaques.
    • Findings align with studies in humans and complex tasks in rodents.
    • Macaques maintain goal-directed flexibility even with substantial experience.