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Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays
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Notes from the Field: HIV Outbreak During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Persons Who Inject Drugs - Kanawha County, West

Rebecca B Hershow, Suzanne Wilson, Robert A Bonacci

    MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
    |January 13, 2022
    PubMed

    Insights

    An increase in HIV diagnoses among people who inject drugs (PWID) was observed in Kanawha County, West Virginia. Public health officials responded with expanded HIV testing and outreach to address the growing concern.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Infectious Disease

    Background:

    • An increase in HIV diagnoses among people who inject drugs (PWID) was noted in Kanawha County, West Virginia, during 2019.
    • Kanawha County has high rates of opioid use disorder and overdose deaths, with increasing trends since 2016.
    • The county's proximity to Cabell County, which experienced an HIV outbreak among PWID in 2018-2019, heightened concerns.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report the rise in HIV diagnoses among PWID in Kanawha County.
    • To outline the public health response to the observed increase in HIV cases.
    • To highlight the importance of targeted interventions in areas with high rates of substance use.

    Main Methods:

    • The West Virginia Bureau for Public Health (WVBPH) monitored HIV diagnoses among PWID.
    • Public health departments convened an HIV task force and conducted care coordination meetings.
    • HIV testing and outreach services were expanded in the affected region.

    Main Results:

    • HIV diagnoses among PWID in Kanawha County increased from less than five annually (2016-2018) to 11 during January-October 2019.
    • The response involved a Health Advisory, formation of an HIV task force, and enhanced public health initiatives.
    • Remote assistance was received from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to support response efforts.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings underscore a critical rise in HIV infections among PWID in Kanawha County.
    • A coordinated public health response, including expanded testing and outreach, is crucial for managing HIV outbreaks in vulnerable populations.
    • Continued surveillance and intervention are necessary to mitigate the impact of HIV among PWID in the region.

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