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Suicidal behaviour: What's the brain up to?

Shubhangi Parkar1, Natasha Kate1, Karishma Rupani1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.

Journal of Psychiatric Research
|January 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Brain metabolism impairments are evident in individuals with suicidal behaviors, particularly in frontal and temporal regions. These findings aid in identifying those at higher risk for suicidal actions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolic Imaging
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Suicidal behaviors are linked to brain metabolism deficits, though specific patterns remain unclear.
  • Understanding these metabolic alterations is crucial for risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMglu) in individuals exhibiting suicidal behaviors.
  • To compare rCMglu between suicidal individuals with and without depression.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-three individuals with suicidal behaviors underwent assessment using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS) and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI).
  • Regional cerebral glucose metabolism was evaluated using [18F]Fluoro-Deoxy-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET).

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Main Results:

  • Subjects with suicidal behaviors showed decreased rCMglu in specific frontal, temporal, parietal, and cingulate cortex regions compared to controls.
  • Increased rCMglu was observed in other frontal, temporal, and midbrain areas.
  • No significant differences in rCMglu were found between depressed and non-depressed suicidal individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct differences in regional cerebral glucose metabolism are present in individuals with suicidal behaviors, primarily affecting frontal and temporal brain areas.
  • Identifying these metabolic patterns can improve the identification of individuals at elevated risk for suicidal behaviors.