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Updated: Oct 6, 2025

Preparation and Characterization of Graphene-Based 3D Biohybrid Hydrogel Bioink for Peripheral Neuroengineering
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Graphene Oxide Foils as an Osteoinductive Stem Cell Substrate.

Antonello Di Crescenzo1, Susi Zara1, Chiara Di Nisio1

  • 1Dipartimento di Farmacia, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, Chieti I-66100, Italy.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|January 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Graphene oxide (GO) foils enhance dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) viability and promote osteogenic differentiation. These biocompatible materials support extracellular matrix synthesis, indicating potential for bone tissue engineering.

Keywords:
atomic force microscopygraphene oxidegraphene oxide foilosteoinductivitystem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising biomaterial due to its unique properties.
  • Developing GO-based materials with enhanced mechanical stability and biocompatibility is crucial for biomedical applications.
  • Understanding GO's effect on stem cell behavior is key for tissue engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize free-standing graphene oxide (GO) foils.
  • To evaluate the biocompatibility and effects of GO foils on dental pulp stem cells (DPSC).
  • To investigate the potential of GO foils in promoting DPSC osteogenic differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of cross-linked GO foils with improved mechanical properties.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity assays using DPSCs.
  • Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for cell morphology and extracellular matrix analysis.
  • Gene expression analysis of osteogenic markers (RUNX2, SP7) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays.

Main Results:

  • GO foils exhibited no cytotoxicity and enhanced DPSC viability compared to polystyrene.
  • DPSCs cultured on GO foils showed increased extracellular matrix synthesis.
  • Significant upregulation of osteogenic marker gene expression (RUNX2, SP7) and ALP activity was observed.
  • GO foils demonstrated accelerated DPSC differentiation towards an osteoblastic lineage.

Conclusions:

  • Free-standing GO foils are biocompatible and non-cytotoxic to DPSCs.
  • GO foils effectively promote DPSC osteogenic differentiation and extracellular matrix formation.
  • GO foils represent a promising scaffold material for bone tissue engineering applications.