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Creep in Concrete01:22

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Creep refers to the time-dependent increase in strain under a sustained load, excluding other time-dependent deformations associated with shrinkage, swelling, and thermal expansion in concrete. The primary mechanism behind creep involves the loss of physically adsorbed water from the calcium silicate hydrate within the hydrated cement paste. This process is further exacerbated by concrete's non-linear stress-strain relationship, microcrack development in the interfacial transition zone, and...
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Microscale Creep and Stress Relaxation Experiments with Individual Collagen Fibrils.

Fan Yang1, Debashish Das1, Ioannis Chasiotis1

  • 1Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.

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Researchers developed a new method to measure the mechanical properties of single collagen fibrils. This study reveals that these crucial biological structures exhibit nonlinear viscoelastic behavior when partially hydrated.

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Microscale experimentsedge-detectionnonlinear viscoelasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Nanoscale biological structures show time-dependent behavior.
  • Understanding the mechanical properties of collagen fibrils is crucial for connective tissue research.
  • Experimental limitations hinder the study of time-dependent mechanical behavior at the molecular level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an experimental methodology for assessing the time-dependent mechanical behavior of individual mammalian collagen fibrils.
  • To quantify the viscoelastic properties of collagen fibrils under controlled stress and strain conditions.
  • To investigate the nonlinear viscoelastic response of collagen fibrils in a partially hydrated state.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel experimental setup using high-magnification optical microscopy and Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) for precise force/strain application.
  • Implemented an image-based edge detection method with closed-loop proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control for real-time monitoring and control.
  • Conducted creep and stress relaxation tests on individual collagen fibrils (101-121 nm diameter) within a 4-20% engineering strain range under partial hydration.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 27 nm displacement resolution and controlled step inputs with sub-second rise times and minimal overshoot/steady-state error.
  • Observed and quantified nonlinear viscoelastic behavior in individual mammalian collagen fibrils.
  • Successfully described the experimental data using the adaptive quasi-linear viscoelastic model.

Conclusions:

  • Mammalian collagen fibrils exhibit nonlinear viscoelastic behavior in their partially hydrated state.
  • The developed experimental methodology enables precise characterization of nanoscale biological materials.
  • This study provides fundamental insights into the mechanical properties of collagen, essential for understanding connective tissue function and disease.