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Land-use type temporarily affects active pond community structure but not gene expression patterns.

Mina Bizic1,2, Danny Ionescu1,2, Rajat Karnatak1,2

  • 1Departments of Plankton and Microbial Ecology and of Evolutionary and Integrative Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin and Berlin, Germany.

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Agricultural land use temporarily alters microbial communities in small kettle hole water bodies, even those with homogenized biodiversity. These changes highlight the need for sustainable management to mitigate biodiversity loss.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Freshwater Science

Background:

  • Intensive agriculture and land-use changes threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functions in small water bodies.
  • Kettle holes (KH) are representative of numerous small, glacial-origin standing water bodies globally.
  • Long-term agricultural practices may lead to biodiversity homogenization in these ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of land-use type on active microbial communities (bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes) in kettle holes.
  • To compare responses of community structure and gene expression to land-use variations.
  • To understand the drivers of functional changes in kettle hole microbial communities.

Main Methods:

  • Landscape-scale metatranscriptomics was employed on 67 kettle holes in a German agricultural landscape.
  • Sampling was conducted during spring crop fertilization and one month later.
  • Community structure and gene expression patterns were analyzed in relation to land-use type and time.

Main Results:

  • Land-use type significantly affected active microbial community structure during spring fertilization, particularly for eukaryotes, but this effect diminished later.
  • No significant differences in gene expression patterns were observed across land-use types or between sampling times, indicating functional redundancy.
  • Variability in gene expression was strongly correlated with active bacterial and eukaryotic community structures.

Conclusions:

  • Surrounding landscape influences cause temporary shifts in microbial community activity within kettle holes.
  • Even homogenized communities in kettle holes remain responsive to land management practices.
  • These findings are crucial for developing sustainable management and restoration strategies for agricultural freshwater ecosystems.