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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

19.4K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Glassy or Amorphous? A Demonstration Using G-Phase Copper Containing a Fivefold Twinning Structure.

Songling Liu1,2, Huaping Zhang1, Boyang Sun1,2

  • 1Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|January 14, 2022
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Summary

Researchers explored the G-phase, a novel metastable material. Findings indicate G-phase copper is neither glass nor crystal, but a distinct mesophase, challenging previous classifications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Computational Materials Science

Background:

  • A novel metastable phase, termed G-phase, has been identified in simulations of quenched metallic liquids.
  • The G-phase exhibits intermediate potential energy between glass and crystal, with ordered short-range but disordered long-range atomic structure.
  • Distinguishing the G-phase from traditional glasses is crucial for understanding its material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize G-phase copper (Cu) using molecular dynamics simulations.
  • To determine if the G-phase Cu can be classified as a new type of glass or crystal.
  • To investigate the structural and energetic properties of G-phase Cu.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations were employed for G-phase Cu synthesis.
  • Rapid quenching and isothermal annealing techniques were utilized.
  • Analysis of atomic structure, including short-range and long-range order, and pseudo-fictive temperature were performed.

Main Results:

  • G-phase Cu was successfully simulated using rapid quenching and isothermal annealing.
  • Weak oscillations in the long-range atomic structure were observed.
  • Fivefold twinning structures, characteristic of face-center-cubic or hexagonal-cubic-packed atoms, were identified.
  • The pseudo-fictive temperature was found to be significantly below the Kauzmann temperature.

Conclusions:

  • The observed structural characteristics, including twinning and weak long-range oscillations, suggest G-phase Cu is not a glass.
  • G-phase Cu is metastable relative to crystallization, ruling out a crystalline classification.
  • G-phase Cu represents a distinct mesophase, separate from conventional glasses and crystals.