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Constraining Cosmological Phase Transitions with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array.

Xiao Xue1,2,3, Ligong Bian4,5, Jing Shu1,2,6,7,8

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

Physical Review Letters
|January 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers searched for gravitational waves from early universe phase transitions using pulsar timing. No signal was detected, leading to new constraints on cosmological models, particularly dark and QCD phase transitions.

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Astrophysics
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • Cosmological first-order phase transitions are predicted to generate a stochastic gravitational wave background.
  • Gravitational waves from MeV-scale phase transitions peak at nanohertz frequencies, detectable by pulsar timing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To search for a stochastic gravitational wave background from a cosmological first-order phase transition using pulsar timing data.
  • To constrain parameters of first-order phase transition models, including dark and QCD transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the latest data from the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array.
  • Searched for Hellings-Downs spatial correlations indicative of a stochastic gravitational wave background.

Main Results:

  • No evidence of a Hellings-Downs spatial correlation was found.
  • This lack of detection allows for the placement of constraints on first-order phase transition models.

Conclusions:

  • Pulsar timing observations provide sensitivity to low-temperature (1-100 MeV) phase transitions with specific durations.
  • The study constrains parameters relevant to dark matter and Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) phase transitions.