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Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

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In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...
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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome III: Medical and Nursing Management01:30

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Managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) involves a multifaceted approach, including lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and medication.
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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis I01:26

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A nursing diagnosis is written when the nurse recognizes a cluster of essential patient data indicating health problems treated with independent nursing interventions. The standardized terminologies of a nursing diagnosis help nurses identify and treat patients' problems. Every electronic health record that uses nursing diagnosis must employ standard diagnostic terminology. Developing an efficient, individualized care plan begins with accurate nursing diagnoses.
There are thirteen domains...
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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors
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Pruritus: Diagnosis and Management.

Jedda Rupert1, James David Honeycutt2

  • 1Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA.

American Family Physician
|January 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Pruritus, or itching, can stem from skin or internal issues. Evaluation involves a detailed exam, blood tests for systemic causes, and considering malignancy in older adults with chronic itching.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Pruritus, the sensation of itching, is a common symptom with diverse origins, including dermatologic and systemic conditions.
  • Identifying triggers through exposure history and differentiating primary (diseased skin) from secondary (scratch-induced) lesions are crucial diagnostic steps.
  • Systemic conditions can manifest as pruritus, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation beyond the skin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a systematic approach for diagnosing the causes of pruritus.
  • To detail essential diagnostic tests and examinations for pruritus evaluation.
  • To provide guidance on general management strategies for pruritus.

Main Methods:

  • Thorough skin examination, including specific body areas like finger webs, anogenital region, nails, and scalp.

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  • Initial laboratory evaluation including complete blood count, metabolic panel, liver function tests, iron studies, glucose/A1C, and thyroid-stimulating hormone.
  • Consideration of further tests such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HIV screening, hepatitis serologies, and chest radiography based on clinical presentation.

    • Main Results:

    • The presence or absence of primary skin lesions guides the diagnostic pathway.
    • Systemic causes can be investigated through a panel of blood tests and imaging.
    • Malignancy should be considered in older patients with chronic, generalized pruritus without primary skin lesions.

    Conclusions:

    • A systematic approach combining detailed history, physical examination, and targeted laboratory testing is essential for diagnosing pruritus.
    • Management involves trigger avoidance, emollients, limited water exposure, and pharmacotherapy (antihistamines, corticosteroids).
    • When etiology remains ambiguous, psychogenic factors and specialist consultation should be considered.