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Multifunctional Cancer Phototherapy Using Fluorophore-Functionalized Nanodiamond Supraparticles
1Department of Materials and Chemistry, Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
Fluorophore-conjugated nanodiamond supraparticles (ND-SPs) offer multifunctional cancer therapy. These ND-SPs effectively deliver drugs and enhance photothermal and photodynamic treatments for targeted tumor eradication in vitro and in vivo.
Area of Science:
- Nanotechnology
- Biomedical Engineering
- Materials Science
Background:
- Nanodiamonds (NDs) are emerging nanomaterials with unique optical and physical properties.
- Developing multifunctional nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy is a significant challenge.
- Self-assembly of nanostructures can enhance drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To prepare and characterize self-assembled supraparticles (SPs) from fluorophore-conjugated nanodiamond (ND) nanoclusters.
- To evaluate the potential of these ND-based SPs (ND-SPs) in multifunctional tumor therapy using near-infrared lasers.
- To investigate the targeted delivery of anticancer drugs facilitated by ND-SPs.
Main Methods:
- Conjugation of fluorophores to amino-functionalized NDs using carbodiimide chemistry.
- Formation of self-assembled ND-based SP (ND-SP) nanoclusters.
- Characterization of ND-SPs for size, dispersity, and cytotoxicity.
- Evaluation of photothermal conversion efficiency and cellular uptake.
- In vitro and in vivo assessment of cancer cell eradication using drug-loaded ND-SPs and near-infrared light.
Main Results:
- Fluorophore-functionalized ND-SPs were successfully synthesized with uniform size and good water dispersity.
- ND-SPs exhibited low cytotoxicity and enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency due to energy transfer.
- ND-SPs demonstrated strong fluorescence, efficient cellular transmembrane penetration, and effective targeted drug delivery.
- Near-infrared light-driven therapy using drug-loaded ND-SPs resulted in targeted cancer cell eradication both in vitro and in vivo.
Conclusions:
- Fluorophore-functionalized ND-SP nanoclusters represent a promising platform for multifunctional cancer therapy.
- These ND-SPs can be utilized for photohyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, and chemotherapy.
- The targeted drug delivery and enhanced therapeutic effects of ND-SPs show significant potential for cancer treatment.
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