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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Transportation Science
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • Traffic jams commonly occur due to shared destinations, impacting transportation efficiency.
  • Understanding jam formation in uniformly distributed, uncorrelated systems is crucial for traffic flow dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emergence of traffic jams in systems with uniformly distributed, uncorrelated targets.
  • To identify the precursor mechanisms and predict the onset density for jamming.
  • To explore the transition between jammed and flowing states and determine optimal transport conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling traffic dynamics with a focus on target-driven interactions.
  • Analyzing emergent correlations and instabilities in vehicle distribution.
  • Mapping system dynamics to active Brownian particles and motility-induced phase separation (MIPS).

Main Results:

  • An instability arises at modest densities, leading to jam formation with emergent target correlations.
  • Motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) is identified as a precursor to jamming.
  • A quantitative prediction for the onset density of jamming is established.

Conclusions:

  • Traffic jams can emerge from target accumulation, even without shared destinations.
  • Jamming is linked to MIPS, suggesting strategies for delay or prevention.
  • Peak transport efficiency is observed at the critical point on the cusp of jamming.