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Atoms generally contain the same number of positively and negatively charged particles, protons, and electrons. Hence, they are electrically neutral. However, the centers of the positive and negative charges do not always coincide. In such a scenario, the electric field of an atom may not be zero.
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The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
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Inverse currents in Coulomb-coupled quantum dots.

Yanchao Zhang1, Zhenzhen Xie1

  • 1School of Science, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, People's Republic of China.

Physical Review. E
|January 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Inverse current, where induced current opposes applied forces, is now observed in quantum systems. This phenomenon in Coulomb-coupled quantum dots does not violate thermodynamics, as entropy changes balance.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • A novel inverse current phenomenon was recently identified in classical Hamiltonian systems.
  • This inverse current is defined as an induced current opposing applied forces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence of inverse current in quantum systems.
  • To explore the conditions under which inverse current emerges in Coulomb-coupled quantum dots.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of a Coulomb-coupled quantum dots system.
  • Investigating the relationship between Coulomb interaction strength and current generation.

Main Results:

  • The study confirms the existence of inverse current in a quantum system.

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  • Inverse current appears in Coulomb-coupled quantum dots as Coulomb interaction increases.
  • The observed inverse current does not violate the second law of thermodynamics.

    • Conclusions:

    • Inverse current is a valid phenomenon in quantum mechanics, specifically in Coulomb-coupled quantum dots.
    • The second law of thermodynamics is upheld, as total system entropy increases due to balanced entropy changes.