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Retinal toxicity of intravitreal cefoperazone
M A O'Hara1, D D Bodé, M C Kincaid
1Ophthalmology Service, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology
|January 1, 1986
Summary
Cefoperazone, a third-generation cephalosporin, shows potential for endophthalmitis treatment. However, intravitreal injections of 16 mg or higher caused retinal toxicity in rabbits, while doses of 8 mg or less were safe.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pharmacology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Cefoperazone is a broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin.
- It exhibits in vitro activity against Gram-negative organisms, suggesting potential for treating endophthalmitis.
- Evaluating its safety for intravitreal use is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the retinal toxicity of varying intravitreal doses of cefoperazone.
- To determine a safe dosage threshold for intravitreal cefoperazone administration.
Main Methods:
- Dutch-belted rabbits received intravitreal injections of cefoperazone (2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 mg).
- Serial indirect ophthalmoscopy, electrophysiologic testing, and histopathologic examination were performed.
- Control eyes received sterile saline injections.
Main Results:
- Electroretinography and histology revealed retinal toxicity at cefoperazone concentrations of 16 mg and 32 mg.
- Intravitreal doses of 2 mg, 4 mg, and 8 mg did not produce evidence of retinal toxicity.
- A single intravitreal dose of 8 mg or less of cefoperazone was found to be safe.
Conclusions:
- High intravitreal doses of cefoperazone (≥16 mg) are associated with retinal toxicity.
- Lower doses (≤8 mg) of intravitreal cefoperazone appear safe and may be considered for endophthalmitis treatment.
- Further studies are warranted to confirm safety and efficacy in clinical settings.