Projected changes in terrestrial water storage and associated flood potential across the Yangtze River basin

Terrestrial water storage is a crucial component in water cycle and plays an important role in flood formations process, particularly in a changing environment. In this study, we aim to examine the future variation of terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA) and associated flood potential in one of the most flood-prone regions, the Yangtze River basin in China. Using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data, we perform bias correction for seven general circulation models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 under three Shared Socio-economic Pathway (SSP) scenarios: SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585. The spatiotemporal characteristics of changes in future Flood Potential Index are projected and compared between the near (2031-2060) and far (2071-2100) future with reference to the historical period (1985-2014). The results show that GCMs-simulated TWSA generally agrees well with the GRACE results after downscaling and bias correction with the average correlation coefficient of 0.86, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.73 and the root mean square error of 21.68 mm. We found that the total variance of projected TWSA is mainly sourced from the internal variability and model uncertainties, while the uncertainties in scenarios contribute relatively less. Moreover, the flood potential is projected to decline during the near future under various scenarios and even lower during the far future under SSP585 scenario. Our findings provide implications for flood control and management under climate change over high flood risk regions worldwide.