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Thyroid disorders and cardiovascular manifestations: an update

Stavroula A Paschou1, Evanthia Bletsa2, Panagiota K Stampouloglou2

  • 1Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. s.a.paschou@gmail.com.

Endocrine
|January 15, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Thyroid disorders significantly impact cardiovascular health, increasing mortality risk. Early management of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism is crucial for cardiovascular disease prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading global cause of death.
  • Thyroid disorders affect over 10% of adults, presenting a significant public health challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the physiological role of thyroid hormones in the cardiovascular system.
  • To detail cardiovascular manifestations in thyroid disorders, focusing on molecular and biochemical pathways.
  • To summarize current therapeutic strategies for thyroid-related cardiovascular complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing existing research on thyroid hormones and cardiovascular function.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms linking thyroid dysfunction to cardiovascular pathologies.
  • Review of clinical guidelines and treatment options for managing cardiovascular aspects of thyroid disorders.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid hormone receptors in myocardium and vessels directly influence cardiovascular function.
  • Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, even subclinical forms, can accelerate CVD progression.
  • Thyroid disorders contribute to dyslipidemia, hypertension, myocardial dysfunction, and endothelial dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid hormone levels critically affect cardiovascular health.
  • Untreated thyroid disorders significantly elevate cardiovascular mortality.
  • Targeted management of subclinical hypothyroidism in younger and subclinical hyperthyroidism in elderly populations is recommended.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseHeart failureHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismLipidsThyroid

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