Evaluation of exosomal non-coding RNAs in cancer using high-throughput sequencing
Kamran Hosseini1,2, Maryam Ranjbar3, Abbas Pirpour Tazehkand4
1Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Journal of Translational Medicine
|January 16, 2022
Summary
Exosomes, tiny vesicles in body fluids, show promise as non-invasive cancer biomarkers. This review explores their potential, focusing on non-coding RNAs and next-generation sequencing for improved cancer diagnostics.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Oncology
Background:
- Clinical oncology requires reliable, non-invasive biomarkers for cancer patient follow-up.
- Current biomarkers are often invasive and costly, necessitating convenient and precise alternatives.
- Exosomes are emerging as promising non-invasive biomarkers due to their stable molecular cargo.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the history and biogenesis of exosomes.
- To discuss non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as potential tumor markers within exosomes.
- To highlight next-generation sequencing (NGS) as a detection method for exosome contents.
Main Methods:
- Literature review on exosome biogenesis and function.
- Exploration of ncRNAs as cancer biomarkers in exosomes.
- Discussion of NGS for exosome content analysis.
Main Results:
- Exosomes contain diverse molecular cargo (nucleic acids, proteins, lipids) from their cells of origin.
- Exosomes play a role in intercellular communication, influencing cancer progression.
- NGS offers a powerful tool for detecting and characterizing exosomal ncRNAs.
Conclusions:
- Exosomes represent a valuable source for developing minimally invasive cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
- Challenges in exosome isolation, detection, and characterization need to be addressed for clinical translation.
- Further research into exosomal ncRNAs and advanced detection methods like NGS is crucial for advancing exosome-based diagnostics.
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