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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 6, 2025

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
07:11

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An Explainable Machine Learning Approach Reveals Prognostic Significance of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in

Ahmed S Fahmy1, Ibolya Csecs2, Arghavan Arafati1

  • 1Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging
|January 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

An explainable machine learning model identifies patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy at risk for adverse cardiovascular events. Right ventricular dysfunction and remodeling markers are key predictors of poor outcomes.

Keywords:
cardiovascular magnetic resonancemachine learningnonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Machine Learning
  • Medical Informatics

Background:

  • Risk stratification in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NICM) is challenging.
  • Explainable machine learning (ML) can elucidate contributions of risk markers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an explainable ML model for predicting adverse outcomes in NICM patients.
  • To identify key cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and clinical markers associated with cardiovascular hospitalization and all-cause death.

Main Methods:

  • An extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model was developed using CMR and clinical data from two cohorts (BIDMC, BWH).
  • The model underwent internal validation on the BIDMC cohort and external validation on the BWH cohort.
  • Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis was employed to interpret feature contributions.

Main Results:

  • The model achieved an AUC of 0.71 (internal) and 0.69 (external) for predicting the composite endpoint.
  • SHAP analysis highlighted right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and remodeling parameters as primary risk markers.
  • High-risk thresholds were identified for predictive clinical variables.

Conclusions:

  • An explainable ML model can effectively identify NICM patients at high risk for adverse cardiovascular events.
  • RV ejection fraction and volumes indicating RV dysfunction and remodeling are major risk markers.