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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 6, 2025

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
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The Forgotten Intermediate Condylar Canal: Anatomic Study with Application to Skull Base Surgery.

William L Smith1, Przemysław A Pękala2, Joe Iwanaga3

  • 1Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.

World Neurosurgery
|January 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The intermediate condylar canal is a rare anatomical structure found in 3% of skulls. Understanding its location and variations is crucial for skull base surgery.

Keywords:
AnatomyCadaverCondylar canalForamen magnumOccipital boneSkull base

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Skull Base Anatomy
  • Surgical Anatomy

Background:

  • The intermediate condylar canal is an infrequently described anatomical structure.
  • It is located lateral to the occipital condyles and medial to the jugular foramen.
  • Textbooks often omit details regarding this canal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and detailed anatomy of the intermediate condylar canal.
  • To provide a clearer understanding of this often-overlooked skull base structure.

Main Methods:

  • Anatomical study of 100 adult human skulls (200 sides).
  • Detailed examination and measurement of the intermediate condylar canal's location, course, and foraminal connections.

Main Results:

  • The intermediate condylar canal was identified in 3% (6/200) of the studied sides.
  • Canals averaged 7.1 mm from the occipital condyle and 2.2 mm from the jugular foramen.
  • Anterior openings were observed on the hypoglossal canal, with a correlation to paracondylar processes.

Conclusions:

  • This anatomical variant can be found at the skull base.
  • Awareness of the intermediate condylar canal's anatomy is important for surgeons.
  • Knowledge aids in minimizing complications during skull base surgical approaches.