Burden of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Indian Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Anil Chauhan1, Jitendra Kumar Sahu2, Manvi Singh3
1Department of Telemedicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Evidence Based Health Informatics Unit, Regional Resource Centre, Chandigarh, India.
Insights
The pooled prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Indian children is 63.2 per 1000. School-based studies reported higher ADHD prevalence (75.1 per 1000) than community-based studies (18.6 per 1000).
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Psychiatry
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children.
- Understanding the epidemiological burden of ADHD in India is essential for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the pooled prevalence of ADHD in Indian children.
- To analyze ADHD prevalence based on study settings (school vs. community).
Main Methods:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished literature.
- Searched databases including PubMed, Ovid SP, and EMBASE for studies on ADHD prevalence in Indian children (≤18 years).
- Included 19 eligible studies for quantitative analysis using STATA MP12.
Main Results:
- The overall pooled prevalence of ADHD in Indian children was 63.2 per 1000 (95% CI 49.2-77.1).
- School-based studies reported a pooled prevalence of 75.1 per 1000 children (95% CI 56.0-94.1).
- Community-based studies indicated a pooled prevalence of 18.6 per 1000 children (95% CI 8.8-28.4).
- Significant heterogeneity was observed across the included studies.
Conclusions:
- ADHD represents a substantial health burden among Indian children.
- The findings underscore the need for effective health policies, educational interventions, and rehabilitation strategies for ADHD in India.
Objective:
To determine the pooled prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Indian children.
Methods:
The searching of published literature was conducted in different databases (PubMed, Ovid SP, and EMBASE). The authors also tried to acquire information from the unpublished literature about the prevalence of ADHD. A screening was done to include eligible original studies, community or school-based, cross-sectional or cohort, reporting the prevalence of ADHD in children aged ≤ 18 y in India. Retrieved data were analyzed using STATA MP12 (Texas College station).
Results:
Of 729 studies retrieved by searching different databases, 183 studies were removed as duplicates, and 546 titles and abstracts were screened. After screening, 19 studies were included for quantitative analysis. Subgroup analysis was conducted with respect to their setting (school-based/community-based). Fifteen studies performed in a school-based setting showed 75.1 (95% CI 56.0-94.1) pooled prevalence of ADHD per 1000 children of 4-19 y of age. In community-based settings, the pooled prevalence per 1000 children surveyed was 18.6 (95% CI 8.8-28.4). The overall pooled prevalence of ADHD was observed as 63.2 (95% CI 49.2-77.1) in 1000 children surveyed. Significant heterogeneity was observed in the systemic review.
Conclusions:
ADHD accounts for a significant health burden, and understanding its burden is crucial for effective health policy-making for educational intervention and rehabilitation.
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