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Brain State-dependent Brain Stimulation with Real-time Electroencephalography-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Brain State-dependent Brain Stimulation with Real-time Electroencephalography-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: August 20, 2019

Noninvasive brain stimulation and brain oscillations.

Simone Rossi¹, Emiliano Santarnecchi², Matteo Feurra³

¹Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

|January 17, 2022

Summary

Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques like TMS and tACS can modulate brain oscillations for cognitive enhancement and treating motor and psychiatric disorders. Research is advancing our understanding and clinical applications of these methods.

Keywords:

EEG NiBS Noninvasive brain stimulation Oscillations TMS Transcranial alternating current stimulation tDCS

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Neurology

Background:

Brain activity relies on endogenous oscillatory patterns for neural communication.
Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) offers novel ways to interact with these brain oscillations.
Technological advancements enable transient modifications of cognitive and behavioral functions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current applications of NIBS in modulating brain oscillations.
To provide an update on research and translational clinical applications of NIBS.
To explore the potential of NIBS in motor disorders and psychiatric symptom management.

Main Methods:

Review of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methodologies, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tDCS, tACS).
Discussion of TMS-EEG co-registration systems for improved mechanistic understanding.
Analysis of research and clinical applications.

Main Results:

NIBS techniques, particularly TMS, have advanced the understanding of brain oscillations.
Transcranial electrical stimulation methods like tDCS and tACS show promise but have emerging caveats.
NIBS is being explored for research in healthy subjects and clinical applications.

Conclusions:

NIBS holds significant potential for both research and therapeutic interventions targeting cognitive functions.
Further research is needed to refine techniques like tACS and fully realize clinical benefits.
NIBS applications show particular promise for motor disorders and reducing psychiatric symptoms.