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Updated: Oct 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Novel Assay for Studying B-Cell Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Research
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Multiple sclerosis: Inflammation, autoimmunity and plasticity.

Mario Stampanoni Bassi1, Ennio Iezzi1, Diego Centonze2

  • 1Unit of Neurology & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|January 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The immune system impacts the central nervous system (CNS), affecting neuronal function in multiple sclerosis (MS). Targeting neuro-inflammation and enhancing synaptic plasticity may improve clinical outcomes for MS patients.

Keywords:
AutoimmunityCytokinesInflammationMultiple sclerosisPlasticityTranscranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • The immune system significantly influences central nervous system (CNS) function in health and disease.
  • Neuro-immune crosstalk is vital for neuronal development and response to damage.
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) serves as a key model for studying immune regulation of neuronal activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review preclinical and clinical studies on synaptic functioning in MS using noninvasive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
  • To explore the impact of inflammation-driven synaptic dysfunction on synaptic plasticity and MS progression.
  • To identify potential therapeutic strategies for improving clinical compensation in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of preclinical data and clinical studies.
  • Noninvasive assessment of synaptic functioning using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in MS patients.
  • Examination of inflammation's role in synaptic dysfunction and plasticity.

Main Results:

  • Pro-inflammatory mediators can impact synaptic mechanisms, neuronal excitability, and synaptic plasticity.
  • Inflammation-driven synaptic dysfunction negatively affects the course of MS.
  • Noninvasive brain stimulation and plasticity enhancement show promise.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating CNS inflammation and enhancing synaptic plasticity are crucial for managing MS.
  • Combining therapies like CSF inflammation control, pharmacologic plasticity enhancement, and noninvasive brain stimulation may improve MS outcomes.
  • Interventions targeting neuro-inflammation and synaptic plasticity can aid clinical compensation and prevent disease deterioration in MS.