Erratum: Metformin Downregulates PD-L1 Expression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Inhibiting IL-6 Signaling

    Frontiers in Oncology
    |January 17, 2022
    PubMed

    Insights

    This study corrects a previous article DOI. The corrected DOI is 10.3389/fonc.2021.762523, ensuring accurate citation for future research.

    Area of Science:

    • This study falls under the domain of oncology and scientific publishing standards.

    Context:

    • A correction is being issued for a previously published article.
    • Ensuring the accuracy of scientific literature is crucial for reliable research.

    Purpose:

    • To provide the correct article DOI (Digital Object Identifier).
    • To rectify a citation error in the scientific record.

    Summary:

    • The article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.762523 has been corrected.
    • This ensures proper referencing and accessibility of the original research.

    Impact:

    • Facilitates accurate citation and retrieval of the scientific article.
    • Maintains the integrity and traceability of published research in oncology.

    Related Concept Videos

    Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

    Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

    Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
    332
    Abnormal Proliferation02:23

    Abnormal Proliferation

    Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
    4.7K
    Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

    Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

    Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
    7.0K
    Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

    Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

    Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
    The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR...
    2.2K
    Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

    Cell Specific Gene Expression

    Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
    14.2K