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Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 6, 2025

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification
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Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses against Nonpoliovirus Enteroviruses.

Amy B Rosenfeld1, Edmund Qian Long Shen1, Michaela Melendez1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia Universitygrid.239585.0grid.21729.3f, New York, New York, USA.

Mbio
|January 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Enteroviruses (EVs) are common pathogens causing serious illnesses. Cross-reactive antibodies induced by EVs can bind and neutralize different types, potentially impacting disease severity and offering insights into EV infections.

Keywords:
antibodyantigenic variationenteroviruspoliovirusserotype

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Enteroviruses (EVs) are frequent human pathogens responsible for diverse illnesses, including acute flaccid myelitis and hand-foot-mouth disease.
  • Despite genetic diversity, nonpoliovirus enteroviruses (NPEVs) exhibit antigenic similarities, leading to cross-reactive antibodies capable of binding or neutralizing multiple EV types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the antigenic relationships among various enteroviruses, including poliovirus and NPEVs.
  • To determine if cross-reactive antibodies can bind and neutralize heterologous EVs, and explore their potential role in modulating infection and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized plaque reduction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based binding assays.
  • Analyzed sera from animals immunized with individual EVs to assess binding and neutralization activities against heterologous EVs.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated extensive cross-reactivity among enteroviruses, which was not predictable from phylogenetic analysis.
  • Observed both binding and neutralization activities of anti-EV cross-reactive antibodies against heterologous EVs in animal sera.

Conclusions:

  • The immunologic relationship among EVs is crucial for understanding humoral responses during EV infections.
  • Cross-reactive antibodies may play a role in modulating enterovirus infection and disease severity, offering insights into EV epidemiology and pathogenesis.