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CNS Malformations in the Newborn

Kristin Barañano1, Irina Burd2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. kwb@jhmi.edu.

Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology
|January 18, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Structural brain anomalies are common findings in fetuses and neonates. Early detection and comprehensive surveillance are crucial for identifying associated conditions and guiding appropriate medical interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Structural brain anomalies are frequently identified during prenatal or postnatal evaluations.
  • These malformations arise from disruptions in fetal brain development due to various etiological factors.
  • Associated anomalies and specific investigations are often necessary for affected fetuses and neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the commonality and detection of structural brain anomalies.
  • To categorize brain malformations based on perturbed developmental processes.
  • To emphasize the importance of comprehensive surveillance and further investigations for affected infants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on prenatal and postnatal detection of brain malformations.
  • Characterization of brain anomalies based on underlying etiological factors (environmental, infectious, genetic).
  • Guidelines for surveillance and diagnostic workup in fetuses and neonates with brain malformations.

Main Results:

  • Structural brain anomalies are a significant finding in pediatric neurology.
  • Etiologies include environmental, infectious, disruptive, and genetic factors impacting brain development.
  • Associated anomalies necessitate a multidisciplinary approach to management.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection of structural brain anomalies is critical.
  • A thorough evaluation for co-existing anomalies is essential.
  • Tailored investigations, including genetic testing and specialized examinations, guide management strategies.

Keywords:
Agenesis corpus callosumBrain malformationDandy Walker malformationVentriculomegaly

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