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Updated: Oct 6, 2025

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

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Published on: May 27, 2018

Stabilizing Layered Structure in Aqueous Electrolyte via Dynamic Water Intercalation/Deintercalation.

Liang Xue¹, Qinghua Zhang², Yalan Huang³

¹Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|January 18, 2022

Summary

Aqueous lithium-ion batteries face capacity decay due to structural degradation in layered cathode materials. This study reveals H+ insertion causes phase transitions, but a novel Li-excess material with water intercalation stabilizes the structure, improving battery performance.

Keywords:

aqueous lithium-ion batteries degradation mechanism dynamic water intercalation/deintercalation layered cathode materials structural regulation

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Published on: August 22, 2025

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Aqueous lithium-ion batteries (ALIBs) offer nonflammable safety for large-scale energy storage.
Layered cathode materials like LiCoO2 suffer significant capacity decay in ALIBs due to unclear degradation mechanisms.
Improving the cycling stability of layered cathodes in aqueous electrolytes is a critical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the structural degradation mechanism of LiCoO2 in aqueous electrolytes.
To develop a strategy to mitigate capacity decay and enhance cycling stability in ALIBs.
To explore the potential of Li-excess materials for improved ALIB performance.

Main Methods:

Investigated structural degradation of LiCoO2 in aqueous electrolytes.
Synthesized and characterized Li-excess Li1+tCo1-tO2-t materials.
Analyzed structural changes and electrochemical performance using charge/discharge cycling and material characterization techniques.

Main Results:

Identified H+ insertion-induced irreversible layered-to-spinel phase transition as the primary cause of LiCoO2 degradation.
Developed a Li-excess material (Li1.08Co0.92O1.92) that exhibits reversible water intercalation/deintercalation.
Demonstrated that water intercalation effectively suppresses the detrimental phase transition, stabilizing the layered structure.
Achieved significantly improved cycling performance, high specific capacity, and excellent rate capability in neutral aqueous electrolytes.

Conclusions:

H+ insertion and subsequent phase transitions are key failure mechanisms for layered cathodes in ALIBs.
Li-excess materials with controlled water intercalation offer a viable strategy to stabilize layered cathode structures in aqueous electrolytes.
This approach enhances the cycling stability and electrochemical performance of ALIBs, paving the way for safer and more durable energy storage solutions.