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Related Concept Videos

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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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Age-related qualitative differences in post-error cognitive control adjustments.

Mirela Dubravac1, Claudia M Roebers1, Beat Meier1

  • 1Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

The British Journal of Developmental Psychology
|January 18, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children

Keywords:
Simon taskStroop taskcognitive conflictcognitive controlcognitive developmentflanker taskpost-error slowing

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Developmental psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Error detection necessitates cognitive control and behavioral adjustments.
  • Performance monitoring and cognitive control improve with age, shown by reduced errors and faster responses.
  • Qualitative changes in balancing accuracy and speed during development are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal and developmental changes in post-error slowing.
  • To examine how children and adults adjust cognitive control after errors.
  • To understand age-related differences in balancing speed and accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted using Stroop, Simon, and flanker tasks.
  • Participants included 8-, 10-, and 12-year-old children and adults.
  • Response times were measured after correct and incorrect responses across four post-error trials.

Main Results:

  • All age groups exhibited post-error slowing (longer response times after errors).
  • Slowing on the first post-error trial decreased with age, indicating a reduced orienting response to errors.
  • This age effect lessened on subsequent trials, suggesting age-related improvements in cognitive control adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Post-error slowing demonstrates an age-related shift from a strong initial orienting response to more balanced cognitive control.
  • Cognitive control adaptations become more refined with age, particularly in managing speed-accuracy trade-offs.
  • Developmental changes in executive functions involve nuanced adjustments in response to errors.