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Related Concept Videos

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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Dissociative Identity Disorder01:30

Dissociative Identity Disorder

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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
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Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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Revising Substance-Related Disorders in the DSM-5: A History.

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) revised substance use disorder criteria, merging abuse and dependence and adding gambling disorder. Item Response Theory supported these changes, enhancing diagnostic clarity for substance use disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Mental Health Diagnostics
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) underwent significant revisions to its substance-related disorders chapter.
  • These changes aimed to refine diagnostic criteria and improve the classification of mental health conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the key revisions made to the substance-related disorders chapter of the DSM-5.
  • To explore the rationale and evidence supporting these changes, including the integration of behavioral addictions.

Main Methods:

  • Interviews with key personnel involved in the DSM-5 revision process.
  • Analysis of Item Response Theory (IRT) studies to validate new diagnostic criteria.
  • Examination of debates surrounding the inclusion/exclusion of specific diagnostic elements like craving.

Main Results:

  • Substance abuse and dependence were collapsed into a single 'substance use disorder' category.
  • Gambling disorder was incorporated as a behavioral addiction within the substance-related disorders chapter.
  • IRT analyses supported the unidimensionality of the revised substance use disorder diagnosis, with some abuse items indicating higher severity than dependence items.

Conclusions:

  • The DSM-5 revision process for substance-related disorders achieved consensus within the workgroup, potentially due to shared standards.
  • Key changes, such as the integration of gambling disorder and revised substance use disorder criteria, reflect advancements in understanding addiction.