Classification and morphological parameters of the coracoid process in Chinese population

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic anatomy
• Skeletal morphology

Background:

• The coracoid process is a key anatomical landmark on the scapula.
• It is crucial for diagnosing and treating shoulder pathologies, including dislocations, instability, and fractures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To classify the coracoid process based on its morphology.
• To measure the morphological parameters of different coracoid process types.

Main Methods:

• 377 dry scapulae were analyzed.
• Morphological classification was performed, and measurements were taken using a digital caliper by three independent researchers.
• Data were averaged for analysis.

Main Results:

• Five distinct coracoid process types were identified: Vertical 8-shape (Type I), Long stick shape (Type II), Short stick shape (Type III), Water drop shape (Type IV), and Wedge shape (Type V).
• Type I (30%) and Type III (29%) were most prevalent in China.
• Significant differences in tip width (Type IV shortest) and tip thickness (Type I shortest) were observed among types.

Conclusions:

• A morphological classification of the coracoid process into five types was established.
• Knowledge of these classifications and parameters may assist in diagnosing and treating shoulder joint diseases.
• This understanding could potentially reduce postoperative complications.