Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Positions

Anatomical Positions

In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A Chimeric Airway Model Enables Evaluation of Essential Genes In Vivo.

American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology·2026

Same author

Characterizing a Department's Transition to Intracapsular Tonsillectomy: A Mixed Methods Analysis.

The Laryngoscope·2026

Same author

Biomaterial Selection Regulates Tissue Remodeling and Collagen Deposition in Composite Tracheal Grafts.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2026

Same author

Pediatric Lemierre's syndrome: A systematic review.

International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology·2026

Same author

The Gap Between Suspected Local Anesthetic Allergy and Formal Diagnostic Evaluation.

Journal of asthma and allergy·2026

Same author

Surgery-Induced Stress Promotes SOX9 Nuclear Localization and Increases COL2A1 in Tracheal Cartilage.

The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 6, 2025

Pedicle Screw Placement Using an Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display in a Porcine Model

Pedicle Screw Placement Using an Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display in a Porcine Model

Published on: May 24, 2024

Using the Craniovertebral Angle to Quantify Intraoperative Ergonomic Risk.

Natalie Kelly¹, Marike Mousset¹, Abdulrahman Althubaiti¹

¹Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

|January 18, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Surgeons often adopt poor neck posture during tonsillectomy, increasing ergonomic risk. The craniovertebral angle (CVA) measurement is reliable for assessing this risk and identifying abnormal postures during surgery.

Keywords:

Rapid Upper Limb Assessment craniovertebral angle ergonomics occupational hazard otolaryngology

More Related Videos

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Published on: August 6, 2019

Author Spotlight: Segmentation and VR for Advanced Neurovascular Interventions

Author Spotlight: Segmentation and VR for Advanced Neurovascular Interventions

Published on: April 5, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 6, 2025

Pedicle Screw Placement Using an Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display in a Porcine Model

Pedicle Screw Placement Using an Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display in a Porcine Model

Published on: May 24, 2024

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Published on: August 6, 2019

Author Spotlight: Segmentation and VR for Advanced Neurovascular Interventions

Author Spotlight: Segmentation and VR for Advanced Neurovascular Interventions

Published on: April 5, 2024

Area of Science:

Surgical ergonomics
Occupational health
Anatomy

Background:

Tonsillectomy procedures require surgeons to maintain specific neck postures.
Poor surgical ergonomics can lead to intraoperative risks and long-term health issues for surgeons.
The craniovertebral angle (CVA) is a potential metric for assessing neck posture during surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

To measure the craniovertebral angle (CVA) during tonsillectomy.
To evaluate the interrater reliability of CVA measurement methodology.
To explore correlations between the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and CVA for quantifying ergonomic risk.

Main Methods:

A prospective, observational study was conducted at a tertiary care pediatric institution.
Lateral images of surgeons were captured every minute during tonsillectomy procedures (n=92 images from 7 surgeons).
Three raters measured the CVA, defined as the angle between a horizontal line through C7 and a line from C7 to the tragus, with abnormal posture defined as CVA < 50°.

Main Results:

The mean CVA during tonsillectomy was 26.0° (SD 11.3°).
100% of procedures showed at least one assessment of abnormal neck posture (CVA < 50°).
The lowest interrater reliability for CVA measurement was 0.77; RULA and CVA showed a null correlation (r = -0.12, P = .27).

Conclusions:

Poor neck posture is prevalent during tonsillectomy, posing significant intraoperative ergonomic risks to otolaryngologists.
The CVA is a reliable and validated tool for assessing surgical ergonomics and identifying pathologic neck positions.
While RULA and CVA are complementary, CVA serves as a predictor of future neck pain.