Adult Wilms tumor: An unusual case report with dedicated literature review

Wilms tumor is the most common primary renal malignancy in pediatric age group, however, is rare in adults accounting for 0.5% of all adult renal malignancies. The histopathology is similar in both age groups, however the prognosis in adults is poor with tumor being at advanced stage at presentation with increased incidence of metastasis. Due to rare occurrence in adults and lack of differentiating clinical and imaging features its diagnosis is delayed or often misdiagnosed as adult renal cell cancer. Pre surgical or early post-surgical chemotherapy has shown significantly better surgical outcome and survival rate, however, delayed or misdiagnosis precludes or delays the chemotherapy. Lack of standardized treatment guidelines for adults also adds to the poor prognosis. Presurgical biopsy of renal masses in young adults can be suggested for early diagnosis as well as inclusion of presurgical chemotherapy for overall better outcome.