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Related Concept Videos

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
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As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
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The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
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At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
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Spindle Assembly02:50

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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
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Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 6, 2025

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
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Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

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Kre28-Spc105 interaction is essential for Spc105 loading at the kinetochore.

Babhrubahan Roy1, Janice Sim1, Simon J Y Han1

  • 1Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Open Biology
|January 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Kre28 protein is crucial for proper kinetochore (KT) function and chromosome segregation during mitosis. This study reveals Kre28

Keywords:
kinetochoremicrotubulespindle assembly checkpoint

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Kinetochores (KTs) are essential protein complexes mediating chromosome-microtubule attachment during mitosis.
  • The KMN network, including Spc105, is a key component of the outer KT responsible for microtubule binding and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling.
  • The localization and function of the KT component Kre28 within the Spc105 complex were previously unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction and organization of Spc105 and Kre28 within budding yeast KTs.
  • To elucidate the role of Kre28 in Spc105 recruitment and turnover at the KT.
  • To determine Kre28's contribution to chromosome biorientation and segregation fidelity.

Main Methods:

  • Genetics and cell biology experiments in budding yeast.
  • High-resolution microscopy to analyze protein localization and stoichiometry.
  • Creation and analysis of kre28 truncation mutants.

Main Results:

  • Spc105 and Kre28 exhibit a 1:1 stoichiometry at the KT.
  • The Kre28-Spc105 interaction is vital for Spc105 turnover and mutual recruitment to KTs.
  • Kre28 mutants impair Spc105 loading, leading to defects in SAC signaling and chromosome biorientation.

Conclusions:

  • Kre28 plays an indirect but essential role in chromosome biorientation and high-fidelity segregation.
  • This function is mediated by regulating Spc105 localization at the KTs.
  • Understanding Kre28-Spc105 dynamics provides insights into mitotic fidelity mechanisms.