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Implementation science in pediatric oncology: A narrative review and future directions

Charles A Phillips1,2,3, Lamia P Barakat1,2, Brad H Pollock4,5

  • 1Division of Oncology, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Pediatric Blood & Cancer
|January 19, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Implementation science (IS) in pediatric oncology is emerging, with current research focusing on supportive care. Future efforts should broaden to cancer control interventions for diverse pediatric cancer patients.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Implementation Science
  • Pediatric Healthcare Research

Background:

  • Implementation science (IS) is increasingly recognized in oncology, yet research predominantly focuses on adult populations.
  • Prior work in IS for cancer has largely excluded pediatric oncology, highlighting a significant knowledge gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To broadly characterize the landscape of implementation science (IS) research specifically within pediatric oncology.
  • To identify trends, focus areas, and gaps in the existing IS literature for childhood cancer.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review approach was employed, analyzing studies published up to 2020.
  • Searches were conducted in PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Cochrane using keywords: "implementation science," "pediatric," "childhood," "cancer," and "oncology."
  • Nine articles were selected from 216 initial reviews, focusing on IS in pediatric oncology.

Main Results:

  • The nine selected studies exclusively addressed oncologic supportive care, cancer prevention, or cancer control interventions.
  • A notable concentration on supportive care may be influenced by existing cooperative study groups like the Children's Oncology Group.

Conclusions:

  • Implementation science in pediatric oncology is an under-developed field, with current research concentrated on supportive care.
  • Future IS research should expand to encompass broader cancer control interventions.
  • Recommendations include leveraging existing pediatric oncology ecosystems and focusing on interventions applicable across multiple cancer types and patient groups outside cooperative studies.

Keywords:
implementation sciencepediatric cancerpediatric oncologysupportive care

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