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Conceptualizing, Contextualizing, and Operationalizing Race in Quantitative Health Sciences Research.

Elle Lett1,2,3,4, Emmanuella Asabor5,6,7, Sourik Beltrán8

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Racial health disparities research must connect outcomes to systemic racism, not biology. Future studies should directly measure racism and its health impacts for true health equity.

Keywords:
community/public healthdisparityepidemiologyinequityintersectionalityraceracism

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Equity Research
  • Sociology of Health

Background:

  • Health disparities research frequently reports outcome differences across racial groups.
  • These studies often fail to link disparities to systemic racism, inadvertently promoting harmful narratives.
  • This gap hinders progress toward health equity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline pitfalls in conceptualizing and operationalizing race in quantitative health research.
  • To provide recommendations for studying racial health inequities accurately.
  • To advocate for moving beyond race as a biological proxy.

Main Methods:

  • Critical review of race conceptualization in population health research.
  • Analysis of how race is operationalized in quantitative studies.
  • Development of recommendations for future research methodologies.

Main Results:

  • Race is often misused as a measure of biologic difference, not a proxy for racism.
  • Current methods can perpetuate biologic essentialism and pathologize racial identities.
  • A need exists to directly measure racism and its health impacts.

Conclusions:

  • Race should be understood as a proxy for exposure to systemic racism.
  • Future research must directly measure racism to understand and address health inequities.
  • Accurate measurement is crucial for achieving health equity.