A Computerized Simulation of the Occlusal Surface in Equine Cheek Teeth: A Simplified Model

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Dentistry
• Biomechanics
• Computational Modeling

Background:

• Equine mastication and dental wear are critical for effective equine dentistry treatments.
• Previous research utilized finite element analysis for stress/strain in equine teeth, but lacked dental wear simulation.
• Understanding physiological inclinations and pathological conditions like sharp enamel points requires advanced modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a simplified 2D computer simulation for equine dental tooth wear.
• To provide a preliminary explanation for occlusal surface inclination and pathological wear.
• To investigate the impact of mandibular movement variations on dental wear patterns.

Main Methods:

• Developed a simplified 2D computer simulation of dental wear.
• Incorporated mechanical properties of dental structures and mandibular movement data from published research.
• Optimized simulation parameters and conducted further analyses varying lateral excursion and incisor contact.

Main Results:

• The simulation demonstrated clear parallels with observed tooth wear patterns in equids, including abnormalities.
• Variations in masticatory cycle movement patterns significantly influenced occlusal tooth wear.
• Incisor contact during chewing also proved to be a key factor in shaping wear patterns.

Conclusions:

• The 2D simulation offers a novel approach to understanding equine dental wear.
• Minor alterations in mandibular movement and incisor contact can lead to substantial changes in wear.
• Findings may improve the understanding and management of dental abnormalities in captive equines, impacting health and welfare.