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Association between IGF-1 levels ranges and all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis.

Jamal Rahmani1, Alberto Montesanto2, Edward Giovannucci3

  • 1Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Aging Cell
|January 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Both high and low Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) levels increase mortality risk. A specific IGF-1 range of 120-160 ng/ml is associated with the lowest all-cause mortality risk.

Keywords:
IGF-1mortalityprotein intake

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Epidemiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The relationship between Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and human mortality is complex and debated.
  • Low IGF-1 levels have been paradoxically linked to both increased and decreased mortality risks in previous studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between IGF-1 levels and all-cause mortality in adults using a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
  • To clarify the complex relationship between IGF-1 and mortality and identify potential optimal IGF-1 ranges.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was performed across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library up to September 2019.
  • Nineteen prospective cohort studies involving 30,876 participants were included in the meta-analysis.
  • A random-effects model was employed to calculate pooled hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality across different IGF-1 categories.

Main Results:

  • Higher IGF-1 levels were not associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality when compared to the lowest IGF-1 category (HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.68-1.05).
  • A U-shaped relationship was observed between IGF-1 levels and mortality risk.
  • Both low IGF-1 (vs. middle) and high IGF-1 (vs. middle) were associated with significantly increased all-cause mortality (HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.14-1.57 and HR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.06-1.44, respectively).

Conclusions:

  • Both extremely low and high levels of IGF-1 are associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in adults.
  • An IGF-1 range of 120-160 ng/ml appears to be associated with the lowest mortality.
  • These findings help reconcile the conflicting evidence regarding IGF-1 and mortality, suggesting a non-linear relationship.