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Factors associated with mortality in hospitalized cardiovascular disease patients infected with COVID-19
Roohallah Alizadehsani1, Rahimeh Eskandarian2, Mohaddeseh Behjati3
1Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Insights
Headache, loss of consciousness, low oxygen saturation, and mechanical ventilation indicate higher mortality risk in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Early identification of these factors is crucial for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 outcomes.
- Understanding mortality determinants in COVID-19 patients with CVD is crucial for reducing in-hospital deaths.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between symptoms, risk factors, comorbidities, and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with pre-existing CVD.
- To identify key predictors of mortality in this vulnerable patient population.
Main Methods:
- A study of 660 hospitalized patients with CVD and COVID-19 in Iran (January 2020-January 2021).
- Data collection included patient symptoms, clinical findings, and comorbidities.
- Statistical analysis involved t-tests and correlation computations to compare deceased and alive groups.
Main Results:
- Common symptoms like fever, cough, and nausea did not significantly impact mortality.
- Headache, loss of consciousness, oxygen saturation < 93%, and need for mechanical ventilation were significantly correlated with higher mortality.
- No significant impact was found for most comorbidities on mortality.
Conclusions:
- Specific symptoms like headache and loss of consciousness, along with critical indicators like low oxygen saturation and mechanical ventilation, are key predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients with CVD.
- These findings can aid physicians in early risk stratification and management of these high-risk patients.
Introduction:
To reduce mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is necessary to understand the relationship between patient's symptoms, risk factors, and comorbidities with their mortality rate. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first which take into account the determinants like risk factors, symptoms, and comorbidities leading to mortality in CVD patients who are hospitalized with COVID-19.
Methods:
This study was conducted on 660 hospitalized patients with CVD and COVID-19 recruited between January 2020 and January 2021 in Iran. All patients were diagnosed with the previous history of CVD like angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, abnormal heart rhythms, and congenital heart disease before they were hospitalized for COVID-19. We collected data on patient's signs and symptoms, clinical and paraclinical examinations, and any underlying comorbidities. t test was used to determine the significant difference between the two deceased and alive groups. In addition, the relation between pairs of symptoms and pairs of comorbidities has been determined via correlation computation.
Results:
Our findings suggest that signs and symptoms such as fever, cough, myalgia, chest pain, chills, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia had no impact on patients' mortality. There was a significant correlation between COVID-19 cardiovascular patients' mortality rate and symptoms such as headache, loss of consciousness (LOC), oxygen saturation less than 93%, and need for mechanical ventilation.
Conclusions:
Our results might help physicians identify early symptoms, comorbidities, and risk factors related to mortality in CVD patients hospitalized for COVID-19.
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