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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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What is the Skeletal System?01:02

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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
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Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
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Impact of reforms and work environment on resident time allocation in a Swiss internal medicine division: a time motion study with a before-and-after comparison.

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Correction: A meta-analysis of previous falls and subsequent fracture risk in cohort studies.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine with Modern Pharmacology and Genomics for Assessing Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice
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Author Spotlight: Integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine with Modern Pharmacology and Genomics for Assessing Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice

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[Osteoporosis].

Elena Gonzalez Rodriguez1, Anne-Cécile Debrach-Schneider1, Olivier Lamy1

  • 1Centre interdisciplinaire des maladies osseuses, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, 1011 Lausanne.

Revue Medicale Suisse
|January 20, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

2021 research advances osteoporosis risk stratification for fracture prediction and guides anabolic treatment. Prevention strategies like dairy intake and denosumab management are highlighted, alongside Burosumab for rare diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Metabolism
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Osteoporosis management requires improved risk stratification for fracture prediction.
  • Current strategies need updates to identify patients requiring first-line anabolic treatment.
  • Switzerland's approach to osteoporosis prevention requires review.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of osteoporosis management and risk stratification.
  • To highlight advancements in fracture risk assessment and treatment initiation.
  • To discuss emerging strategies in osteoporosis prevention and management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent articles on osteoporosis management and risk stratification.
  • Analysis of current practices in Switzerland.
  • Evaluation of new therapeutic approaches and preventive measures.

Main Results:

  • Significant advancements in 2021 focus on risk stratification for very high and imminent fracture risks.
  • Dairy products identified as a key prevention strategy, particularly for the elderly.
  • Improved understanding of denosumab discontinuation and introduction of Burosumab for hypophosphatemic diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Enhanced osteoporosis risk stratification is crucial for guiding anabolic bone treatment.
  • Dairy consumption and optimized denosumab management are important in current practice.
  • Burosumab represents a therapeutic revolution for rare hypophosphatemic conditions.