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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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[Pulmonology 2021: year in review].

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New pulmonology treatments in 2021 include biotherapy for severe asthma and improved pulmonary arterial hypertension management with upfront triple therapy. Transbronchial cryobiopsies offer a safer alternative for diagnosing interstitial lung diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Therapeutic Developments
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Review of significant advancements in pulmonary medicine during 2021.
  • Focus on novel treatments for severe asthma and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
  • Exploration of diagnostic techniques for diffuse interstitial lung diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight key therapeutic breakthroughs in pulmonology from 2021.
  • To discuss the clinical implications of new biotherapies and treatment strategies.
  • To evaluate the role of transbronchial cryobiopsies in diagnosing interstitial lung diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent publications and clinical trial data.
  • Analysis of therapeutic efficacy and patient outcomes for selected conditions.
  • Assessment of diagnostic accuracy and safety profiles of new procedures.

Main Results:

  • A new biotherapy is available for severe uncontrolled non-Th2 asthma.
  • Upfront triple therapy improves survival in high-risk pulmonary arterial hypertension patients.
  • Transbronchial cryobiopsies are a viable alternative to surgical lung biopsy for interstitial lung disease diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in managing severe asthma and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
  • Emerging therapies like sotatercept show promise for group 1 PAH.
  • Transbronchial cryobiopsy represents a less invasive diagnostic option for interstitial lung diseases.