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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

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Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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[Rheumatology: 2021 update].

Axel Finckh1, Stéphane Genevay1, Michele Iudici1

  • 1Service de rhumatologie, Département de médecine interne, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, 1211 Genève 14.

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This summary is machine-generated.

This year in rheumatology, advancements include understanding COVID-19 and vaccine effects in autoimmune diseases. New treatment strategies and guidelines for vasculitis, lupus, spondylarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis have also emerged.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted rheumatology research.
  • Understanding vaccine responses in patients with autoimmune conditions is crucial.
  • Established treatment protocols require continuous evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key advancements in rheumatology over the past year.
  • To highlight new insights into COVID-19 and vaccine responses in autoimmune diseases.
  • To review updated treatment strategies and diagnostic criteria in rheumatology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent rheumatology publications.
  • Analysis of studies on COVID-19 and vaccine effects in autoimmune conditions.
  • Examination of revised treatment guidelines and imaging assessment criteria.

Main Results:

  • Expanded knowledge on COVID-19 and vaccine responses in autoimmune diseases.
  • Re-evaluation of glucocorticoid dosing in vasculitis.
  • Introduction of new treatment strategies for systemic lupus erythematosus, spondylarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Proposal of new imaging assessment criteria for spondylarthritis and management guidelines for low back pain.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding and managing rheumatic diseases in the context of COVID-19.
  • Updated treatment approaches and diagnostic tools are becoming available for various rheumatologic conditions.
  • Continuous research is vital for optimizing patient care in rheumatology.