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Safety planning-type interventions for suicide prevention: meta-analysis.

Chani Nuij1, Wouter van Ballegooijen2, Derek de Beurs3

  • 1Section Clinical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science
|January 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Safety planning-type interventions (SPTIs) effectively reduce suicidal behavior. However, this meta-analysis found no significant impact on suicidal ideation, suggesting other strategies may be needed for that specific outcome.

Keywords:
Suicidemeta-analysissafety planningsuicide prevention

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Safety planning-type interventions (SPTIs) are commonly used for individuals at risk of suicide.
  • The clinical effectiveness of SPTIs in reducing suicidal behavior and ideation remains uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of SPTIs in preventing suicidal behavior and ideation.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for the inclusion of SPTIs in suicide prevention guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search of multiple databases (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus) was performed up to December 2019.
  • Eligible studies compared SPTIs with control conditions, focusing on outcomes of suicidal behavior or ideation.
  • Random-effects models were used to assess the relative risk of suicidal behavior and effect sizes for suicidal ideation.

Main Results:

  • The meta-analysis included 6 studies with 3536 participants.
  • SPTIs significantly reduced the relative risk of suicidal behavior (RR = 0.570, P = 0.001), with a number needed to treat of 16.
  • No statistically significant effect of SPTIs was observed on suicidal ideation.

Conclusions:

  • This meta-analysis is the first to specifically examine SPTIs for suicide prevention.
  • Findings support the use of SPTIs for preventing suicidal behavior and recommend their integration into clinical guidelines.
  • Further research and alternative interventions may be necessary to address suicidal ideation effectively.