Optical Fiber, Nanomaterial, and THz-Metasurface-Mediated Nano-Biosensors: A Review

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology and Nanoscience
• Biosensor Technology
• Optical and Terahertz Science

Background:

• Nanomaterials and nanofabrication are driving innovation in novel biosensor development.
• Nanotechnology-mediated biosensing offers broad applications in healthcare, diagnostics, and environmental monitoring.
• Understanding nanoscale science is crucial for advancing biosensor theory, manufacturing, and application.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of scientific achievements in nano-biosensors.
• To review advancements in optical fiber, nanomaterial, and terahertz metasurface-based biosensors.
• To cover refractometric, labelled, and label-free nano-biosensor technologies.

Main Methods:

• Exploitation of diverse nanostructures (nanospheres, nanorods, nanotubes, etc.) to improve biological molecule detectability.
• Integration of engineered materials with transducing devices like optical waveguides and metasurface-based scattering media.
• Application of nanoscale science principles to modify nanoparticle topology and properties.

Main Results:

• Enhanced detectability of biological molecules using various nanostructures.
• Broadened biosensor operational range across UV to far-infrared wavelengths using advanced transducing devices.
• Significant progress in refractometric, labelled, and label-free nano-biosensor technologies.

Conclusions:

• Nanotechnology offers transformative potential for developing highly sensitive and accurate biosensors.
• Diverse nanostructures and advanced transducing platforms are key to next-generation biosensing.
• Continued research in nano-biosensors will drive progress in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and beyond.