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Bioactive Marine Xanthones: A Review.

José X Soares1,2, Daniela R P Loureiro1,2,3, Ana Laura Dias2

  • 1Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.

Marine Drugs
|January 20, 2022
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Summary

Marine xanthones are diverse specialized metabolites with significant biological activities. This review details 169 marine xanthone derivatives, highlighting their structures, activities, and potential for drug discovery.

Keywords:
antimicrobialantitumordrug-likemarine productsmolecular descriptorsnatural productsxanthone

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Natural Products Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Bioorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • The marine environment is a rich source of specialized metabolites with diverse biological activities.
  • Xanthones are a significant class of marine natural products known for their structural diversity and bioactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive literature review of marine xanthones.
  • To identify, describe, and analyze the structures, biological activities, and natural sources of marine xanthone derivatives.
  • To assess the chemical space, natural product-likeness, and drug-likeness of marine xanthones.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of marine xanthones.
  • Identification and description of 169 bioactive xanthone derivatives.
  • Calculation of molecular descriptors for chemical space characterization.
  • Classification of xanthones into structural and biological activity groups.
  • Assessment of natural product-likeness and drug-likeness.

Main Results:

  • 169 bioactive marine xanthone derivatives were identified and characterized.
  • Xanthones were categorized into five structural types and six biological activity groups.
  • Analysis revealed the chemical space occupied by marine-derived xanthones.
  • Marine xanthones exhibit promising natural product-likeness and drug-likeness properties.

Conclusions:

  • Marine xanthone derivatives are valuable bioactive compounds.
  • These compounds represent a promising foundation for the development of novel therapeutic agents.
  • Further research into marine xanthones can lead to the discovery of new drugs.