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Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor. 
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Adaptive Empathy: A Model for Learning Empathic Responses in Response to Feedback.

Simone G Shamay-Tsoory1,2, Uri Hertz2,3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Haifa.

Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science
|January 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Empathy can be learned and adapted through social interactions and feedback. This study introduces adaptive empathy, highlighting its role in understanding empathic skills in health and psychopathology.

Keywords:
adaptationcomputationalempathyfeedbacklearning

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Social Science

Background:

  • Current empathy research often isolates individuals, neglecting the social context of empathic interactions.
  • Empathic responses are typically studied without considering the influence of feedback from the person receiving empathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the examination of empathy to include both the empathizer and the target of empathy.
  • To investigate how empathic responses are affected by feedback and learned through social interaction.
  • To propose a computational framework for understanding the learning of empathic responses based on feedback.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing computational approaches for feedback-based adaptations (e.g., model-free, model-based learning).
  • Developing a framework for adaptive empathy, defined as the ability to modify empathic responses based on interaction.
  • Extending existing neural models of empathy to incorporate adaptive empathy.

Main Results:

  • Adaptive empathy is proposed as a central aspect of empathic skills, offering a new dimension for evaluation.
  • Adaptive empathy may involve interactions between neural circuits for valuation, shared distress, observation-execution, and mentalizing.
  • The framework suggests that adaptive empathy can explain empathic behavior in both healthy individuals and those with psychopathology.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive empathy, the ability to adjust empathic responses based on feedback, is a crucial component of empathic capabilities.
  • This concept extends current understanding and evaluation of empathy by incorporating social interaction dynamics.
  • Adaptive empathy holds significant potential for explaining variations in empathic behavior across different psychological states.