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Quality Improvement Intervention Bundle Using the PUPPIES Acronym Reduces Pressure Injury Incidence in Critically Ill
Jillian M McLaughlin1, Jacquelynn P Tran, Samee A Hameed
1Jillian M. McLaughlin, MD, is Attending Physician, Seton Plastic & Hand Surgery, Austin, Texas, United States. At the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, Jacquelynn P. Tran, MD, is Resident, Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery; Samee A. Hameed, BS, is Medical Student; and Dell E. Roach, MSN, RN, CNML, is Surgical Intensive Care Unit Nurse Manager, Department of Anesthesiology. Clark R. Andersen, MS, is Statistician, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. At the University of Texas Medical Branch, Victor Z. Zhu, MD, is Resident, Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery; Blake B. Sparks, MD, is Resident, Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery; Linda G. Phillips, MD, FACS, is Chair, Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Aristides P. Koutrouvelis, MD, is Surgical Intensive Care Unit Director, Department of Anesthesiology; and Douglas S. Tyler, MD, FACS, is Chair, Department of Surgery. Acknowledgments: The authors thank Nicholas Lombana, MD, for assistance in translating the Spanish version of the educational patient pamphlet; Steve Schuenke, graphic artist/photographer, for assistance in formatting and printing visual tools, educational pamphlets, and the pressure injury prevention manual for quality improvement intervention bundle; and Mary A. Hill, CWOCN, University of Texas Medical Branch Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nurse for providing information on the pressure injury prevention products available. This study was supported with institutional grant funding from the University of Texas Medical Branch 2016 President's Cabinet Award, "Impacting Community Health through Pressure Ulcer Prevention," awarded to Dr McLaughlin and Mrs Roach. The authors have disclosed no other financial relationships related to this article. Submitted February 8, 2021; accepted in revised form March 18, 2021.
Insights
A quality improvement bundle significantly reduced pressure injury (PI) incidence in critically ill patients, increasing time to PI onset and saving costs. This prevention strategy proved effective and cost-efficient.
Area of Science:
- Critical care medicine
- Patient safety
- Quality improvement science
Background:
- Pressure injuries (PI) represent a significant challenge in intensive care units (ICUs).
- Effective prevention strategies are crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs.
- Existing methods for PI prevention require continuous evaluation and enhancement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal quality improvement bundle in reducing pressure injury (PI) incidence.
- To assess the impact of the bundle on the costs associated with PI prevention and treatment.
- To determine if the bundle could delay the onset of pressure injuries in high-risk ICU patients.
Main Methods:
- A combined retrospective and prospective cohort study design was employed.
- The study included ICU patients with a length of stay >48 hours and a Braden scale score ≤18.
- A quality improvement bundle incorporating leadership, visual tools, and education was implemented post-retrospective data collection.
Main Results:
- A significant reduction in PI incidence was observed, decreasing from 6% preintervention to 2% postintervention (P = .005).
- The implementation led to a predicted annual cost saving of $826,810.
- The mean time to PI occurrence significantly increased from 5 days preintervention to 9 days postintervention (P = .04).
- Staff compliance with the bundle implementation was reported at 80%.
Conclusions:
- The multimodal quality improvement bundle effectively reduced PI incidence in critically ill patients.
- The intervention demonstrated cost-effectiveness, with substantial predicted yearly savings.
- The bundle successfully increased the time to PI occurrence, indicating a delay in onset.
Objective:
To assess whether a quality improvement bundle focusing on prevention is effective in reducing pressure injury (PI) incidence or costs or delaying PI onset.
Methods:
A combined retrospective/prospective cohort study was performed at an academic tertiary care ICU on all patients admitted with a length of stay longer than 48 hours and Braden scale score of 18 or less. Following retrospective data collection (preintervention), a multimodal quality improvement bundle focusing on PI prevention through leadership initiatives, visual tools, and staff/patient education was developed, and data were prospectively collected (postintervention).
Results:
Statistical and cost analyses were performed comparing both cohorts. A total of 930 patients met the study inclusion criteria (preintervention, n = 599; postintervention, n = 331). A significant decrease in PI incidence was observed from preintervention (n = 37 [6%]) to postintervention (n = 7 [2%], P = .005). This led to a predicted yearly cost savings of $826,810. Further, a significant increase in time to PI occurrence was observed from preintervention (mean, 5 days) to postintervention (mean, 9 days; P = .04). Staff were compliant with the bundle implementation 80% of the time.
Conclusions:
Implementation of the quality improvement bundle focused on multimodal PI prevention in critically ill patients led to a significant reduction in PI incidence, increased time to PI occurrence, and was cost-effective.
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