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Human Amniotic Membrane Plug for Chronic or Persistent Macular Holes.

Mark D Bamberger1, Tina Felfeli2, Michael Politis3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Ophthalmology. Retina
|January 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Human amniotic membrane facilitated macular hole closure in 91% of patients, achieving anatomical success. Visual recovery was limited, with some complications noted in this study of persistent macular holes.

Keywords:
Chronic macular holeHuman amniotic membraneMacular holePersistent macular holeRefractory macular hole

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Macular holes, particularly persistent or chronic ones, present significant challenges in achieving visual recovery.
  • Surgical interventions are the primary treatment, but outcomes can be variable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of human amniotic membrane transplantation for the surgical repair of persistent or chronic macular holes.
  • To assess anatomical closure rates and visual acuity outcomes following this innovative surgical approach.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study involving 22 patients with persistent or chronic macular holes.
  • Surgery was performed by vitreoretinal surgeons utilizing human amniotic membrane for macular hole plugging.
  • Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to confirm macular hole closure.

Main Results:

  • Macular hole closure was achieved in 91% (20 of 22) of patients, with a median follow-up of 7 months.
  • No statistically significant change in overall visual acuity was observed.
  • Complications included subretinal silicone oil (5%), choroidal neovascularization (5%), atrophy (5%), and cystoid macular edema (9%).

Conclusions:

  • Human amniotic membrane transplantation can lead to anatomical success in closing macular holes.
  • While anatomical closure was high, significant visual recovery was limited.
  • Further research is warranted to optimize visual outcomes and manage potential complications.