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Updated: Oct 6, 2025

A Flow Cytometry-Based Cell Surface Protein Binding Assay for Assessing Selectivity and Specificity of an Anticancer Aptamer

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Complement-Mediated Selective Tumor Cell Lysis Enabled by Bi-Functional RNA Aptamers.

Prabhat K Mallik¹, Kimi Nishikawa¹, Pramit Mallik¹

¹Department of Biological Sciences and the RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA.

|January 21, 2022

Summary

Researchers developed aptamer-based adaptors to flag cancer cells for immune attack. These molecular tools link cancer cell targets to complement proteins, triggering cell destruction and offering a novel cancer treatment strategy.

Keywords:

RNA aptamer complement

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Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Biotechnology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Cancer cells evade immune detection as they originate from host cells.
Synthetic targeting strategies are needed to direct immune responses against malignant cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop aptamer-derived molecular adaptors for invoking synthetic immune responses against cancer.
To create multi-valent aptamers that bridge cancer cell surface targets and complement proteins.

Main Methods:

Designed and constructed bi-functional aptamers linking epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and complement component 3b (C3b)/iC3b.
Utilized cell-based assays with breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, BT-20) and human or mouse serum.

Main Results:

Demonstrated aptamer-mediated binding to both cancer cell surface targets and complement proteins.
Successfully induced lysis of MDA-MB-231 and BT-20 breast cancer cells via complement activation.

Conclusions:

Multi-valent aptamers can effectively earmark cancer cells for immune destruction by engaging the complement system.
This aptamer-based approach offers a promising strategy for synthetic immune targeting in cancer therapy.