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Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
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An Efficient Clearing Protocol for the Study of Seed Development in Tomato Solanum lycopersicum L.
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Tomato Prosystemin Is Much More than a Simple Systemin Precursor.

Donata Molisso1,2, Mariangela Coppola1, Martina Buonanno3

  • 1Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Naples, Italy.

Biology
|January 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The tomato precursor Prosystemin (ProSys), excluding the Systemin (Sys) peptide, activates plant defenses. This truncated ProSys enhances immunity through a novel hormone-independent pathway involving oligogalacturonides (OGs).

Keywords:
intrinsically disordered proteinsoligogalacturonidespeptide direct deliveryplant defenseplant pestssystemintranscriptomicstransgenic plants

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Plant Defense Mechanisms
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Systemin (Sys) is a key signaling peptide in plant defense, derived from its precursor Prosystemin (ProSys).
  • Recent studies suggest ProSys has a disordered structure, hinting at functions beyond Sys release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Prosystemin (ProSys) independent of the Systemin (Sys) peptide in tomato plant defense.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms and pathways activated by truncated ProSys (ProSys(1-178)).

Main Methods:

  • Generation of transgenic tomato plants expressing a truncated ProSys gene (lacking the Sys-coding exon).
  • Exogenous application of recombinant truncated ProSys (ProSys(1-178)) to tomato plants.
  • Analysis of protein structure, transcriptomics, gene expression profiling, and bioassays against pests and pathogens.

Main Results:

  • Truncated ProSys activates a hormone-independent defense pathway in tomato plants, likely via oligogalacturonides (OGs).
  • Both transgenic and treated plants showed modulated expression of defense-related genes.
  • Plants exhibited enhanced protection against *Spodoptera littoralis* and *Botrytis cinerea*.

Conclusions:

  • Prosystemin (ProSys) has a more complex role in plant defense than previously understood.
  • ProSys activates at least two distinct defense pathways: the known Sys-dependent pathway and a novel ProSys(1-178)-dependent pathway mediated by OGs.
  • The ProSys(1-178)-dependent pathway contributes to plant immunity through OGs-mediated signaling.