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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Jaqueline S da Silva1,2, Renata G J Gonçalves3, Juliana F Vasques4
1Programa de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
Insights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes cardiac complications like cardiomyopathy. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy shows promise for preventing heart damage by reducing inflammation, fibrosis, and cell death in diabetic patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus (DM) incidence is rising globally, with cardiac complications being a major cause of mortality.
- Hyperglycemia in DM leads to diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy (DCM) via inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis.
- Cardiac remodeling in DCM disrupts cell survival, promoting cardiac dysfunction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore mesenchymal stem cell therapy as a novel treatment for preventing DM-induced cardiac complications.
- To evaluate the potential of MSCs in mitigating DCM and improving cardiac function in diabetic patients.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on DM, DCM, and stem cell therapy.
- Analysis of the mechanisms underlying MSCs' therapeutic effects in preclinical models of DCM.
Main Results:
- Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
- These properties are crucial for counteracting the pathological processes in DCM.
- Evidence suggests MSCs can improve cardiac function in the context of diabetes.
Conclusions:
- Mesenchymal stem cell therapy presents a promising strategy for preventing and treating diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy.
- Targeting inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis with MSCs could offer a new therapeutic avenue for cardiovascular complications in DM.
Abstract:
The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) are increasing worldwide, and the resulting cardiac complications are the leading cause of death. Among these complications is diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy (DCM), which is the consequence of a pro-inflammatory condition, oxidative stress and fibrosis caused by hyperglycemia. Cardiac remodeling will lead to an imbalance in cell survival and death, which can promote cardiac dysfunction. Since the conventional treatment of DM generally does not address the prevention of cardiac remodeling, it is important to develop new alternatives for the treatment of cardiovascular complications induced by DM. Thus, therapy with mesenchymal stem cells has been shown to be a promising approach for the prevention of DCM because of their anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects, which could improve cardiac function in patients with DM.
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