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Does Preoperative Cognitive Optimization Improve Postoperative Outcomes in the Elderly?

Yumiko Ishizawa1

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Summary

Preoperative brain exercise may reduce postoperative delirium in elderly patients. Further research is needed to establish effective cognitive training programs for presurgical optimization to prevent perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND).

Keywords:
advanced agecognitive trainingperioperative neurocognitive disorderpostoperative deliriumpreoperative optimization

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Surgical Outcomes

Background:

  • Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a significant concern for millions of elderly patients annually.
  • Effective prevention strategies for PND are currently lacking.
  • Preoperative cognitive optimization shows promise for improving postoperative cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on preoperative cognitive optimization for preventing PND.
  • To highlight landmark and ongoing studies in this rapidly evolving field.
  • To discuss the role of cognitive training in elderly populations, including those with cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on preoperative cognitive optimization.
  • Examination of preclinical evidence related to cognitive training and brain plasticity.
  • Analysis of studies on cognitive training in non-surgical elderly and those with dementia.

Main Results:

  • Preoperative brain exercise has been shown to decrease postoperative delirium incidence in elderly surgical patients.
  • Cognitive training demonstrates benefits in non-surgical elderly populations.
  • Preclinical evidence supports cognitive training's role in understanding brain plasticity and PND pathophysiology.

Conclusions:

  • Presurgical cognitive optimization shows positive impacts on postoperative cognitive outcomes.
  • Further studies are essential to develop and validate effective cognitive training programs for elderly presurgical patients.
  • The field of cognitive optimization for PND prevention is rapidly expanding.