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The Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Model of Perinatal Ischemia
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Microbial Translocation and Perinatal Asphyxia/Hypoxia: A Systematic Review

Dimitra-Ifigeneia Matara1, Abraham Pouliakis2, Theodoros Xanthos3

  • 1Neonatal Department, Medical School, Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 21, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Gut ischemia and perinatal hypoxia disrupt the gut microbiome and intestinal barrier, leading to bacterial translocation. Further research is needed to understand these complex interactions in neonates.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Neonatal Medicine

Background:

  • The gut microbiome is essential for gastrointestinal tract (GIT) function and overall health.
  • Gut ischemia can compromise the intestinal barrier, allowing bacteria to translocate.
  • The precise mechanisms linking perinatal hypoxia/asphyxia, gut function, and the microbiome remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the literature on the impact of gut ischemia and perinatal hypoxia on the gut microbiome and intestinal barrier.
  • To identify pathophysiological patterns mediating gut dysfunction under these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review conducted following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Search query developed using the PICOT framework.
  • Data extracted from 57 eligible publications indexed in PubMed up to April 2021.

Main Results:

  • Reduced blood oxygenation (ischemia-hypoxia) can cause bacterial translocation from the gut to systemic circulation.
  • The GIT is highly sensitive to ischemia-hypoxia, with even brief periods causing damage.
  • Fetal hypoxia and perinatal asphyxia impair bowel motility, particularly in preterm neonates.

Conclusions:

  • Perinatal hypoxia and gut ischemia significantly impact the gut microbiome and intestinal barrier function.
  • Bacterial translocation is a key consequence, potentially affecting distant organs.
  • Further investigation is crucial to elucidate the complex pathophysiological links in neonates.

Keywords:
animal modelendotoxingut microbiotalipopolysaccharidesmicrobial translocationmicrobiomeperinatal asphyxia

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